Tag: Greek

Imagine investigating a missing-person case. Several witnesses come forward. Each insists they were present at the scene, yet their accounts differ significantly regarding who was there, what happened, and when events occurred. As an investigator, would you confidently close the case based solely on those testimonies?

This is the question I found myself asking while examining the New Testament accounts of Jesus’ resurrection.

The resurrection is presented as the defining event of Christianity. If true, it would be one of the most important events in human history. Therefore, it deserves careful scrutiny. As a student of Scripture and a self-described “Detective of the Divine,” I approached the Gospel accounts looking for consistency, corroboration, and evidence.

What I discovered was not a single, unified testimony but a collection of narratives that differ in noteworthy ways. The Gospels disagree about how many women came to the tomb, when they arrived, who they encountered there, and when Jesus allegedly appeared to them. While Christians often argue that differing details demonstrate independent testimony, investigators also recognize that significant contradictions can raise questions regarding reliability.

The purpose of this article is not to mock faith or attack sincere believers. Rather, it is to examine the evidence and ask whether the resurrection accounts meet the standard of proof one would expect for such an extraordinary claim.

Let us dissect and discuss…But first, grab your New Testament.

Consider how and when the women saw the resurrected Jesus such as: In Matthew 28:1-8, Mary Magdalene and “the other Mary” came to the tomb around dawn the day after Sabbath and experienced an earthquake when an angel came down from heaven and personally rolled away the stone. Supposedly it scared the guards, plural, to death paralyzing them in fear. In Mark 16, after Sabbath was over, early in the morning, when the sun had risen, Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James (and Jesus), and Salome brought spices to anoint the body. At first, they were perplexed as to who will roll the stone away for them, but when they arrived, the stone was already rolled away for them. What happened to the earthquake and seeing the angel descend? The speculated but not proven author of Mark skips over that detail. Seems like a highly important detail to somehow forget. Upon arriving at the open tomb, they see a young man inside. No mention of the guards in that version.

A few verses earlier, evidently the tomb’s stone is able to be moved by just 1 person since Joseph (not Mary’s husband) rolled it himself in Mark 15:46 so that leads me to believe 2 or 3 women could have rolled it if just 1 man could have. In Luke 24, on the 1st day of the week, very early in the morning, certain women and “other women with them” so now we have a group of women went to the tomb with spices to anoint the body. Upon arriving, like in Mark, but unlike in Matthew, they discover the stone is already rolled away. After going inside the tomb, suddenly not 1 man as recounted in Mark, but in Luke’s version 2 men were inside the tomb.In John’s version found in John 20, he describes just 1 woman went to the tomb, Mary Magdalene, while it was still dark so not at dawn or after dawn like the other versions describe. No mention of any earthquake nor other women or 1 or 2 men or angels are told to us in John’s version, but we do learn Peter and another disciple race to the tomb and reveal another interesting clue and that is that the linens Jesus was wrapped in were neatly folded within the tomb (John 20:5-7). Verse 9 of John 20 states the disciples did *not* know of any Scripture (in Tanakh) prophesying the Messiah must rise from the dead because there is none. Rather, the Messiah is to bring world peace, unity, and elevate the Jews to assist in teaching Torah to the world as a light to the nations (Isaiah 2, 11, 42, 49, 53-56 among others).

Also, we learn in John’s version that both Joseph and the Pharisee Nicodemus wrapped and anointed Jesus’ body in spices (John 19:38-42) upon his burial. If Nicodemus and Joseph already anointed Jesus’ body, then why did the women need to come again to do so at the time of his burial in Luke 23:56 PRIOR to Sabbath and why did the women return to do so AGAIN AFTER Sabbath as defined in Mark 16:1? Matthew writes about a guard or guards being there to seal the stone whereas none of the other gospels do; Joseph rolled the tomb in place; Yet, the women wondered how they would unroll the stone as if impossible to do so- then why come to anoint him in the wee hours of the morning or at dawn, depending on which version, if the stone cannot be unrolled and if they cannot unroll it themselves? This does not make sense.

Assuming Jesus lived and died though there are no historical writings of such events (read Was the New Testament Inspired by God or Rome), clearly, his body was missing or the Pharisees and Romans could have simply opened the tomb to dispute the claim of the resurrection. I suppose they still could have done so, but we know not of historical documents stating this theory so for the sake of argument, let’s say Jesus indeed existed, died, and the body was indeed missing. Conversely, had the Pharisees or other Jews or the Romans discovered Jesus indeed did resurrect from the dead, wouldn’t that have been the catalyst to producing far more believers instantly rather than just a small group who were already Jesus’ fans? How come we have no documentation of detailed accounts of the resurrected Jesus appearing to any of the alleged 500 Paul claims though Paul didn’t even personally know Jesus (1 Corinthians 15:5-8)? Not to mention Paul’s order of appearance list also contradicts the gospels. There is no account of Jesus revealing himself to anyone but primarily the women first, then some men, IF any of that is even true. Wouldn’t the resurrected Messiah be sure to reveal himself to his accusers? To those who didn’t believe him? Wouldn’t that be far more magnificent and noteworthy to propel God’s mission? Wouldn’t that be far more effective and critical in sharing the ‘good news’ of the gospel, particularly to the so-called lost sheep Jesus was sent to (Matthew 15:24) as in the Jews?

Let’s say for the sake of argument, the Pharisees or Romans inspected the tomb and verified Jesus’ body was missing. Is it not possible though that the body was removed? Who would have the most motive to remove Jesus’ body?

We are told the disciples did not believe the women when they came to them to report Jesus’ body was removed. Also, interestingly enough in John’s version, found in John 20:1-2, Mary Magdalene runs to the disciples to tell them, “They have taken away the Lord out of the tomb, and we do not know where they have laid him.” Wow! Did she see him or not? In other accounts, she ran into Jesus either at the tomb or upon leaving the tomb prior to seeing the disciples (Matthew 28:7-10; Mark 16:8-11). In John’s version, she runs to the disciples first to tell them Jesus’ body is missing, but then later, after Peter and another disciple inspect the tomb, Mary Magdalene speaks to two angels and Jesus appears to her, which she then ran to the disciples again to report what happened (John 20:11-18). Do you see the confusion in the timetable and details of the various gospels?

These many different accounts of the same epic moment seem suspicious and become less credible the more the reader compares the testimony of the so-called witnesses. But back to motive…the disciples, being men of various trades, although disappointed and humiliated, could easily have gone back to their occupations. However, there is one person in particular who had EVERYTHING to lose if Jesus did not rise again. Mary, Jesus’ mother, not only would have been financially ruined if Jesus did not rise from the dead being her other sons would be the laughing stock of town, but she could have been stoned per the law being now the truth she was not “miraculously impregnated” by the Holy Spirit but rather by Joseph or whomever. Is it not strange the women knew where Jesus’ body was being each account testifies the women were there when he was placed in the tomb unlike the disciples, AND showed up either in the middle of the night or at the crack of dawn to anoint his body when they or Nicodemus already did so while allegedly not knowing how they would open the tomb themselves, AND there are so many different versions of the details of what happened next, AND the linens just happen to be folded neatly all pointing to the women?! Is it not possible wanting to spare Mary, the mother of Jesus and their friend, the women got together to remove the body under the guise of anointing the body, folded the linens neatly in place upon unwrapping them, and then after making it look like he vanished, ran to the men to tell them their many different versions of what happened?

Could the women be bringing anointing oils because Jesus wasn’t actually dead? Were they using these oils for medicinal purposes? Why use such oils on a dead body? Were the women coming to where his body lay to nurse him back to health? Could Jesus have walked off on his own or with assistance?

Furthermore, could the women or men have hallucinated having been under great post-traumatic stress? Could they have seen a ghost as some versions express? How many reports are there in modern ages of people seeing their dead loved one’s ghost or ghosts in general? Plenty, interestingly enough. There even is a ghost story in 1 Samuel 28:11-19 where the medium saw the ghost of the Prophet Samuel, much to her horror. The ghost of Prophet Samuel was recognizable, had a physical appearance, could clearly communicate, and EVEN still give a prophecy to King Saul, and yet, the dude was still technically dead! So could the disciples have seen and likewise conversed with Jesus’ ghost?

Could they have concocted seeing Jesus or could they have been deceived into seeing someone else posing as Jesus since they did not recognize him? Or could have the unknown authors of the gospels created the story themselves since there is no other documentation of Jesus’ life let alone a resurrection? Why would not people document the most epic event in all human history – his miraculous resurrection?! Even if he actually did rise again, others in the Tanakh/Old Testament rose again such as Elijah resurrected children (1 Kings 17 & 2 Kings 4), does that make Elijah or those children THE MESSIAH? Even so, Jesus still doesn’t fit the majority of the profile of the Messiah as described by the prophets-besides being born in Bethlehem (Micah 5).

Also, if Jesus did rise from the dead, Matthew 7:53 says the graves were opened and there were numerous resurrected people walking around. What happened to those people? How come NO ONE ELSE documented anywhere that historians know of this hugely monumental event? Maybe because it is largely fiction just as has been proven about Herod’s non-existent census. 

Moreover, why create a following and rise from the dead just to vanish? If Jesus actually did exist and survived the crucifixion, isn’t it possible Jesus could just have disappeared so the Romans couldn’t properly kill him off?

Or, is it possible all of it is fiction?

Detective’s Final Report

After reviewing the available evidence, I am left with several observations:

1. The resurrection narratives contain notable differences regarding the participants, timing, and sequence of events.
2. The Gospel accounts are formally anonymous writings. While church tradition later attributed them to specific individuals, the texts themselves do not identify their authors.
3. Independent contemporary documentation of the resurrection event itself is lacking. This is especially significant given the extraordinary nature of the claims.
4. The resurrection claim must ultimately be evaluated alongside the broader question of whether Jesus fulfilled the messianic expectations described throughout the Tanakh.
5. From a Jewish perspective, the primary test of messiahship is not whether someone performed miracles or was believed to have risen from the dead, but whether that individual fulfilled the prophetic mission assigned to the Messiah: gathering the exiles of Israel, establishing universal peace, rebuilding Jerusalem, and bringing the nations to knowledge of the One God.

As a result, I do not find the evidence sufficient to conclude that the resurrection accounts establish Jesus as the promised Messiah of Israel. The accounts may reflect sincere beliefs, evolving traditions, misunderstandings, or theological interpretations developed over time. However, as a Detective of the Divine, I must follow the evidence where it leads.

For me, the case remains unresolved on historical grounds and unproven on biblical grounds. When measured against the standards established in the Hebrew Scriptures, the messianic claim remains unsubstantiated.

As such, I close my notebook and consider this case closed, or you could say dead.

~Carrie Renee, Revised 6.17.2026; originally published August 28-29, 2020